Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

On the importance of mooring system parametrisation for accurate floating structure designs

This paper analyses the importance of mooring design parametrisation on the dynamic behaviour of mooring loads. An exhaustive sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the variability of mooring loads because of inaccuracies in the definition of model inputs, including physical and numerical parameters. Results show a relevant dependence on the length and significance in other parameters, such as the weight together with the hydrodynamic equivalent diameter and the drag forces. An inaccuracy below 1% in the mooring reference length can generate loads of up to twice the design, and an incorrect definition of the weight or the drag coefficient in the mooring design can lead to a design load variability of up to 30%. Stiffness plays a crucial role in snap events, reaching load differences of 19% depending on the stiffness selected.This research is based on a set of numerical models capable of predicting the mooring system response. A dynamic numerical model with two schemes of resolution is implemented and calibrated according to an experimental test campaign. Other sources of results provided by a quasi-static model and commercial software, Sesam (DNV-GL), are incorporated. In general, the dynamic numerical models show a good accuracy with an experimental database composed by a set of 2D prescribed movement tests at the fairlead of the mooring system.     

弹性船体波激响应时域过程的数值模拟

本文从入射波的波浪现实出发，用非线性水弹性积分─微分法进行船体运动和结构动响应的时间历程模拟，直接将试验测量结果与理论计算在时域内作比较，这有利于揭示砰击和上浪等非线性瞬态作用导致冲荡响应的力学机理。这种模拟及其验证方法避免了对理论和试验结果的统计特性进行比较时，因子样长度的限制和数据处理过程所带来的不确定性，比峰值比较更能说明波激响应数学模型的精确性和可靠性。     

桑塔纳轿车座椅总成模拟碰撞数值分析及试验研究

本文应用Ｌｓ－Ｄｙｎａ３ｄ非线性有限元软件和ＳＧＩ Ｐｏｗｅｒ－Ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅ计算机，对桑塔纳轿车前座椅总成进行了碰撞模拟数值分析。为验证分析结果的可靠性，进行了模拟碰撞试验。数值分析和实际的模拟碰撞试验数据比较表明，两者之间具有很强的相关性。     

直流牵引变电所在供电系统运行仿真中的建模

讨论了直流牵引变电所在供电系统运行仿真中的建模问题。直流牵引变电所主要由整流变压器和硅整流器构成。在进行直流牵引供电系统的运行仿真时,将其按戴维南电路建模,其等效内电阻和理想电压源由交流电源和整流机组的参数以及负载情况决定。本文给出了12脉波整流机组的计算实例。     

转臂轴箱定位节点位置对机车动力学性能影响分析

利用SIMPACK建立某出口2B0机车动力学模型,分析了转臂轴箱定位节点的纵向位置对机车动力学性能的影响.研究表明节点纵向位置对机车横向稳定性有较显著影响,而对机车直线和曲线通过性能影响不大.得出了在动力学模型中,需要把转臂作为一个单独元件考虑,以减小计算误差的结论.     

远洋轮机模拟器生活冷库建模技术

通过对远洋轮机模拟器生活冷库建模过程，介绍了实时仿真建模技术的概念，说明了实时仿真建模的方法和特点。     

行人头部与车辆碰撞中旋转速度对颅脑组织响应影响

为了探究旋转速度在行人头部与车辆碰撞中对颅脑组织响应影响,对46例真实交通事故进行了运动学重建获得行人头部与车辆碰撞线性、旋转速度分布特征,并依此建立了头部与风挡、发动机罩碰撞有限元仿真模型,分析了头部旋转速度在不同线性速度和碰撞位置下对颅脑应力应变响应影响特征。结果表明:在行人头部与风挡碰撞中,当线性速度小于40 km/h时,颅脑最大主应力和Von Mises应力随头部旋转速度增加而增大,头部线性速度大于40 km/h时,旋转速度对颅脑响应无显著影响;在行人头部与发动机罩碰撞中,所有工况下颅脑最大主应力和Von Mises应力均随头部旋转速度增加而增大,导致颅脑损伤风险显著增加。因此,在车辆安全性评价时应当考虑头部旋转速度作用及风挡玻璃和发罩碰撞差异。     

黏土中圆形低真空隧道管片结构内力分布及其影响因素

针对盾构隧道管片结构在不同环境下的受力性能,建立基于修正惯用法的力学模型,推导出圆形低真空隧道管片结构内力的解析解;以武汉黏土作为模拟地层,分别采用修正剑桥模型和弹簧模型,模拟分析圆形低真空隧道结构的内力分布;在获得解析解和2种数值解的基础上,对比分析特定工况下3种方法得到的隧道管片结构内力分布,探讨真空力、弯曲刚度有效率、地基抗力系数、侧向土压力系数这4个关键参数的影响规律。结果表明:对于黏土中的圆形低真空隧道,顶部与底部的管片结构正弯矩较大,腰部则是轴力与负弯矩较大;真空力对管片结构的弯矩几乎没有影响,但对轴力影响非常显著,且随真空力的增大而增大;管片结构弯矩随弯曲刚度有效率的增大而增大,随地基抗力系数和侧向土压力系数增大而减小;管片结构轴力随地基抗力系数的增大而增大,随弯曲刚度有效率增大而减小;在隧道腰部附近,轴力随侧向土压力系数的增大而减小,但隧道底部和顶部附近则与之相反。对比3种方法,解析解与数值解具有较好的一致性,但求解结果偏于保守。     

大直径泥水平衡盾构浅覆土始发数值分析

依托新建京张铁路清华园隧道工程,使用有限差分软件对大直径泥水平衡盾构的浅覆土始发掘进进行数值模拟。结果表明,未加固地层条件下,盾构始发时开挖面无法自稳。通过对比分析不同加固范围条件下洞门中心土体的挤出变形以及地表沉降变化规律,提出盾构始发地层加固的最佳范围,并获得在该加固范围下土体扰动引起的地表位移分布特征。